October brings several customs and trade developments that could affect import costs, from potential tariff relief on certain Chinese goods to higher Merchandise Processing Fees and another opportunity to pursue International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) duty refunds.
For importers, the key is understanding which changes take effect now, which still require implementation, and where action may be needed. Here’s what to be aware of as key customs and trade developments take shape this month:
U.S.-China deal may lower costs on everyday consumer goods
On September 27, 2026, the U.S. and China agreed to provide reduced tariff treatment on 77 product categories, including toys, child safety seats, Christmas ornaments, microwave ovens, towels, and bed linens. Future tariff reductions will be implemented through each country's legal process, and both sides will monitor trade flows with adjustments expected no more than once per year.
Importers of affected consumer products may see lower duty costs and improved sourcing flexibility, but the timing, final product list, and tariff rates remain uncertain until each country formally implements the reductions.
Merchandise Processing Fee increases October 1
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) published its annual Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) user fee adjustments for Fiscal Year 2027, which includes adjustments to the Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF). The Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF) is not affected.
The MPF ad valorem rate of 0.3464% remains unchanged; however, the minimum and maximum fees will increase to:
- MPF minimum: Increases to $34.58
- MPF maximum: Increases to $670.86
These changes take effect October 1, 2026.
CAPE Phase 3 launces October 6 for IEEPA refunds
In a recent court filing, CBP confirmed it has processed the vast majority of IEEPA tariff refund claims, with approximately $122 billion in refunds and interest already certified and sent to the U.S. Treasury for payment.
CBP also announced that Phase 3 of its Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (CAPE) refund program will launch on October 6, 2026, allowing eligible importers covered by the court's reliquidation order to submit additional refund requests.
Importers who paid IEEPA duties should ensure they have reviewed their eligibility and submitted required information, as significant refund opportunities remain available and the next phase of processing begins in early October.
Contact your C.H. Robinson representative for more information on your potential duty refund and eligibility.
Looking ahead
Taken together, these developments highlight how quickly changes in trade policy can affect landed costs. Importers should continue monitoring implementation dates, reviewing eligible entries, and assessing where tariff or fee changes could affect their supply chains.
Stay informed
Developments in customs and trade continue to evolve—stay informed to be prepared:
